Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health concern, especially for pregnant women. As a leading gynecologist in PCMC at Hiremath Hospital, Dr. Bharati Hiremath emphasizes the importance of early detection and treatment to ensure the well-being of both mother and baby.
Understanding Tuberculosis in Pregnancy
TB is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs but also capable of spreading to other organs. Pregnancy can weaken the immune system, making women more susceptible to infections like TB.
How TB Affects Pregnancy
When a pregnant woman is infected with TB, the disease can pose risks to both maternal and fetal health. Common complications include:
1. Maternal Complications
- Increased risk of miscarriage: TB infections, especially untreated ones, can lead to pregnancy loss.
- Preterm labor: TB has been linked to premature delivery due to systemic inflammation.
- Nutritional deficiencies: The disease can cause severe weight loss and anemia, impacting maternal health.
- Extrapulmonary TB: TB can spread to the uterus, kidneys, or brain, making management more complex.
2. Fetal Complications
- Low birth weight: Babies born to mothers with TB are often underweight due to poor maternal health and placental insufficiency.
- Congenital TB: Although rare, TB can be transmitted to the baby in utero or during delivery.
- Neonatal respiratory issues: Babies may experience breathing difficulties and increased risk of infections.
Diagnosis and Treatment During Pregnancy
Diagnosing TB during pregnancy requires careful evaluation. Tests such as the Mantoux test, chest X-ray (with abdominal shielding), and sputum analysis are commonly used. Dr. Bharati Hiremath stresses that TB treatment should begin as early as possible to prevent complications.
Treatment includes:
- First-line anti-TB drugs (Isoniazid, Rifampin, Ethambutol, and Pyrazinamide): These medications are generally safe in pregnancy and help control the infection.
- Regular monitoring: Pregnant women on TB treatment require frequent check-ups to monitor drug effects and fetal growth.
- Nutritional support: A healthy diet is essential to improve immunity and prevent deficiencies.
Preventing TB During Pregnancy
To minimize the risk of TB during pregnancy:
- Avoid close contact with TB-infected individuals.
- Maintain proper hygiene and ventilation at home.
- Ensure a nutritious diet and regular prenatal check-ups.
- Get screened if exposed to TB or experiencing symptoms like persistent cough, fever, or weight loss.
Conclusion
TB during pregnancy is a serious condition, but with timely intervention and expert care, complications can be minimized. Dr. Bharati Hiremath at Hiremath Hospital in PCMC provides comprehensive prenatal care and TB management to ensure a safe pregnancy and healthy baby.
If you are pregnant and suspect TB or need expert gynecological care, schedule a consultation with Dr. Bharati Hiremath today.
